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<div class="sect1" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart"></a>17.2. Zend_Form Quick Start</h2></div></div></div>
<p>
        This quick start guide is intended to cover the basics of creating,
        validating, and rendering forms using <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>.
    </p>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.create"></a>17.2.1. Create a form object</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            Creating a form object is very simple: simply instantiate
            <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$form = new Zend_Form;
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            For advanced use cases, you may want to create a
            <code class="code">Zend_Form</code> subclass, but for simple forms, you can
            create a form programmatically using a <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>
            object.
        </p>
<p>
            If you wish to specify the form action and method (always good
            ideas), you can do so with the <code class="code">setAction()</code> and
            <code class="code">setMethod()</code> accessors:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$form-&gt;setAction('/resource/process')
     -&gt;setMethod('post');
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            The above code sets the form action to the partial URL
            "/resource/process" and the form method to HTTP POST. This will be
            reflected during final rendering.
        </p>
<p>
            You can set additional HTML attributes for the
            <code class="code">&lt;form&gt;</code> tag by using the setAttrib() or
            setAttribs() methods.  For instance, if you wish to set the id, set
            the "id" attribute:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$form-&gt;setAttrib('id', 'login');
?&gt;</pre>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.elements"></a>17.2.2. Add elements to the form</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            A form is nothing without its elements. <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>
            ships with some default elements that render XHTML via
            <code class="code">Zend_View</code> helpers. These are as follows:
        </p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>
                button
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                checkbox (or many checkboxes at once with multiCheckbox)
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                hidden
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                image
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                password
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                radio
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                reset
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                select (both regular and multi-select types)
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                submit
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                text
            </p></li>
<li><p>
                textarea
            </p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
            You have two options for adding elements to a form: you can
            instantiate concrete elements and pass in these objects, or you can
            pass in simply the element type and have <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>
            instantiate an object of the correct type for you.
        </p>
<p>
            As some examples:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
// Instantiating an element and passing to the form object:
$form-&gt;addElement(new Zend_Form_Element_Text('username'));

// Passing a form element type to the form object:
$form-&gt;addElement('text', 'username');
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            By default, these do not have any validators or filters. This means
            you will need to configure your elements with minimally validators,
            and potentially filters. You can either do this (a) before you pass
            the element to the form, (b) via configuration options passed in
            when creating an element via <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>, or (c) by
            pulling the element from the form object and configuring it after
            the fact.
        </p>
<p>
            Let's first look at creating validators for a concrete element
            instance. You can either pass in <code class="code">Zend_Validate_*</code>
            objects, or the name of a validator to utilize:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$username = new Zend_Form_Element_Text('username');

// Passing a Zend_Validate_* object:
$username-&gt;addValidator(new Zend_Validate_Alnum());

// Passing a validator name:
$username-&gt;addValidator('alnum');
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            When using this second option, if the validator can accept
            constructor arguments, you can pass those in an array as the third
            parameter:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
// Pass a pattern
$username-&gt;addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]/i'));
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            (The second parameter is used to indicate whether or not failure of
            this validator should prevent later validators from running; by
            default, this is false.)
        </p>
<p>
            You may also wish to specify an element as required. This can be
            done using either an accessor or by passing an option when creating
            the element. In the former case:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
// Make this element required:
$username-&gt;setRequired(true);
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            When an element is required, a 'NotEmpty' validator is added to the
            top of the validator chain, ensuring that the element has a value
            when required.
        </p>
<p>
            Filters are registered in basically the same way as validators. For
            illustration purposes, let's add a filter to lowercase the final
            value:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$username-&gt;addFilter('StringtoLower');
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            So, our final element setup might look like this:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$username-&gt;addValidator('alnum')
         -&gt;addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]/'))
         -&gt;setRequired(true)
         -&gt;addFilter('StringToLower');

// or, more compactly:
$username-&gt;addValidators(array('alnum',
        array('regex', false, '/^[a-z]/i')
    ))
    -&gt;setRequired(true)
    -&gt;addFilters(array('StringToLower'));
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            Simple as this is, doing this for every single element in a form
            can be a bit tedious. Let's try option (b) from above. When we
            create a new element using <code class="code">Zend_Form::addElement()</code> as
            a factory, we can optionally pass in configuration options. These
            can include validators and filters to utilize. So, to do all of the
            above implicitly, try the following:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$form-&gt;addElement('text', 'username', array(
    'validators' =&gt; array(
        'alnum',
        array('regex', false, '/^[a-z]/i')
    ),
    'required' =&gt; true,
    'filters'  =&gt; array('StringToLower'),
));
?&gt;</pre>
<div class="note"><table border="0" summary="Note">
<tr>
<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Note]" src="images/note.png"></td>
<th align="left">Note</th>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p>
            If you find you are setting up elements using the same options in
            many locations, you may want to consider creating your own
            <code class="code">Zend_Form_Element</code> subclass and utilizing that class
            instead; this will save you typing in the long-run.
        </p></td></tr>
</table></div>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.render"></a>17.2.3. Render a form</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            Rendering a form is simple. Most elements use a
            <code class="code">Zend_View</code> helper to render themselves, and thus need a
            view object in order to render.  Other than that, you have two
            options: use the form's render() method, or simply echo it.
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
// Explicitly calling render(), and passing an optional view object:
echo $form-&gt;render($view);

// Assuming a view object has been previously set via setView():
echo $form;
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            By default, <code class="code">Zend_Form</code> and
            <code class="code">Zend_Form_Element</code> will attempt to use the view object
            initialized in the <code class="code">ViewRenderer</code>, which means you won't
            need to set the view manually when using the Zend Framework MVC.
            Rendering a form in a view script is then as simple as:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">
&lt;?= $this-&gt;form ?&gt;
</pre>
<p>
            Under the hood, <code class="code">Zend_Form</code> uses "decorators" to perform
            rendering. These decorators can replace content, append content, or
            prepend content, and have full introspection to the element passed
            to them. As a result, you can combine multiple decorators to
            achieve custom effects. By default, <code class="code">Zend_Form_Element</code>
            actually combines four decorators to achieve its output; setup
            looks something like this:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$element-&gt;addDecorators(array(
    'ViewHelper',
    'Errors',
    array('HtmlTag', array('tag' =&gt; 'dd')),
    array('Label', array('tag' =&gt; 'dt')),
));
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            (Where &lt;HELPERNAME&gt; is the name of a view helper to use, and varies
            based on the element.)
        </p>
<p>
            The above creates output like the following:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">
&lt;dt&gt;&lt;label for="username" class="required"&gt;Username&lt;/dt&gt;
&lt;dd&gt;
    &lt;input type="text" name="username" value="123-abc" /&gt;
    &lt;ul class="errors"&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;'123-abc' has not only alphabetic and digit characters&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;li&gt;'123-abc' does not match against pattern '/^[a-z]/i'&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/dd&gt;
</pre>
<p>
            (Albeit not with the same formatting.)
        </p>
<p>
            You can change the decorators used by an element if you wish to
            have different output; see the section on decorators for more
            information.
        </p>
<p>
            The form itself simply loops through the elements, and dresses them
            in an HTML <code class="code">&lt;form&gt;</code>. The action and method you
            provided when setting up the form are provided to the
            <code class="code">&lt;form&gt;</code> tag, as are any attributes you set via
            <code class="code">setAttribs()</code> and family. 
        </p>
<p>
            Elements are looped either in the order in which they were
            registered, or, if your element contains an order attribute, that
            order will be used. You can set an element's order using:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$element-&gt;setOrder(10);
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            Or, when creating an element, by passing it as an option:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$form-&gt;addElement('text', 'username', array('order' =&gt; 10));
?&gt;</pre>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.validate"></a>17.2.4. Check if a form is valid</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            After a form is submitted, you will need to check and see if it
            passes validations. Each element is checked against the data
            provided; if a key matching the element name is not present, and
            the item is marked as required, validations are run with a null
            value.
        </p>
<p>
            Where does the data come from? You can use <code class="code">$_POST</code> or
            <code class="code">$_GET</code>, or any other data source you might have at hand
            (web service requests, for instance):
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
if ($form-&gt;isValid($_POST)) {
    // success!
} else {
    // failure!
}
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            With AJAX requests, you sometimes can get away with validating
            single element, or groups of elements.
            <code class="code">isValidPartial()</code> will validate a partial form. Unlike
            <code class="code">isValid()</code>, however, if a particular key is not
            present, it will not run validations for that particular element:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
if ($form-&gt;isValidPartial($_POST)) {
    // elements present all passed validations
} else {
    // one or more elements tested failed validations
}
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            An additional method, <code class="code">processAjax()</code>, can also be used
            for validating partial forms. Unlike <code class="code">isValidPartial()</code>,
            it returns a JSON-formatted string containing error messages on
            failure.
        </p>
<p>
            Assuming your validations have passed, you can now fetch the
            filtered values:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$values = $form-&gt;getValues();
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            If you need the unfiltered values at any point, use:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$unfiltered = $form-&gt;getUnfilteredValues();
?&gt;</pre>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.errorstatus"></a>17.2.5. Get error status</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            So, your form failed validations? In most cases, you can simply
            render the form again, and errors will be displayed when using the
            default decorators:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
if (!$form-&gt;isValid($_POST)) {
    echo $form;

    // or assign to the view object and render a view...
    $this-&gt;view-&gt;form = $form;
    return $this-&gt;render('form');
}
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            If you want to inspect the errors, you have two methods.
            <code class="code">getErrors()</code> returns an associative array of element
            names / codes (where codes is an array of error codes).
            <code class="code">getMessages()</code> returns an associative array of element
            names / messages (where messages is an associative array of error
            code / error message pairs). If a given element does not have any
            errors, it will not be included in the array.
        </p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.puttingtogether"></a>17.2.6. Putting it together</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            Let's build a simple login form. It will need elements
            representing:
        </p>
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul type="disc">
<li><p>username</p></li>
<li><p>password</p></li>
<li><p>submit</p></li>
</ul></div>
<p>
            For our purposes, let's assume that a valid username should be
            alphanumeric characters only, start with a letter, have a minimum
            length of 6, and maximum length of 20; they will be normalized to
            lowercase. Passwords must be a minimum of 6 characters.  We'll
            simply toss the submit value when done, so it can remain
            unvalidated.
        </p>
<p>
            We'll use the power of <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>'s configuration
            options to build the form:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php


$form = new Zend_Form();
$form-&gt;setAction('/user/login')
     -&gt;setMethod('post');

// Create and configure username element:
$username = $form-&gt;createElement('text', 'username');
$username-&gt;addValidator('alnum')
         -&gt;addValidator('regex', false, array('/^[a-z]+/'))
         -&gt;addValidator('stringLength', false, array(6, 20))
         -&gt;setRequired(true)
         -&gt;addFilter('StringToLower');

// Create and configure password element:
$password = $form-&gt;createElement('password', 'password');
$password-&gt;addValidator('StringLength', false, array(6))
         -&gt;setRequired(true);

// Add elements to form:
$form-&gt;addElement($username)
     -&gt;addElement($password)
     // use addElement() as a factory to create 'Login' button:
     -&gt;addElement('submit', 'login', array('label' =&gt; 'Login'));
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            Next, we'll create a controller for handling this:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
class UserController extends Zend_Controller_Action
{
    public function getForm()
    {
        // create form as above
        return $form;
    }

    public function indexAction()
    {
        // render user/form.phtml
        $this-&gt;view-&gt;form = $this-&gt;getForm();
        $this-&gt;render('form');
    }

    public function loginAction()
    {
        if (!$this-&gt;getRequest()-&gt;isPost()) {
            return $this-&gt;_forward('index');
        }
        $form = $this-&gt;getForm();
        if (!$form-&gt;isValid($_POST)) {
            // Failed validation; redisplay form
            $this-&gt;view-&gt;form = $form;
            return $this-&gt;render('form');
        }
        
        $values = $form-&gt;getValues();
        // now try and authenticate....
    }
}
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            And a view script for displaying the form:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">
&lt;h2&gt;Please login:&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;?= $this-&gt;form ?&gt;
</pre>
<p>
            As you'll note from the controller code, there's more work to do:
            while the submission may be valid, you may still need to do some
            authentication using <code class="code">Zend_Auth</code>, for instance.
        </p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.config"></a>17.2.7. Using a Zend_Config object</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            All <code class="code">Zend_Form</code> classes are configurable using
            <code class="code">Zend_Config</code>; you can either pass a
            <code class="code">Zend_Config</code> object to the constructor or pass it in
            via <code class="code">setConfig()</code>. Let's look at how we might create the
            above form using an INI file. First, let's follow the
            recommendations, and place our configurations into sections
            reflecting the release location, and focus on the 'development'
            section. Next, we'll setup a section for the given controller
            ('user'), and a key for the form ('login'):
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">
[development]
; general form metainformation
user.login.action = "/user/login"
user.login.method = "post"

; username element
user.login.elements.username.type = "text"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.alnum.validator = "alnum"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.regex.validator = "regex"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.regex.options.pattern = "/^[a-z]/i"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.strlen.validator = "StringLength"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.strlen.options.min = "6"
user.login.elements.username.options.validators.strlen.options.max = "20"
user.login.elements.username.options.required = true
user.login.elements.username.options.filters.lower.filter = "StringToLower"

; password element
user.login.elements.password.type = "password"
user.login.elements.password.options.validators.strlen.validator = "StringLength"
user.login.elements.password.options.validators.strlen.options.min = "6"
user.login.elements.password.options.required = true

; submit element
user.login.elements.submit.type = "submit"
</pre>
<p>
            You could then pass this to the form constructor:
        </p>
<pre class="programlisting">&lt;?php
$config = new Zend_Config_Ini($configFile, 'development');
$form   = new Zend_Form($config-&gt;user-&gt;login);
?&gt;</pre>
<p>
            and the entire form will be defined.
        </p>
</div>
<div class="sect2" lang="en">
<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
<a name="zend.form.quickstart.conclusion"></a>17.2.8. Conclusion</h3></div></div></div>
<p>
            Hopefully with this little tutorial, you should now be well on your
            way to unlocking the power and flexibility of
            <code class="code">Zend_Form</code>. Read on for more in-depth information!
        </p>
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